Analysis of “Al Gore on Climate Crisis and Global Power”

Former Vice President Al Gore was the featured â€Å"My Turn† opinion writer for the December 18, 2006 issue of Newsweek Magazine. This opinion article was a part of Gore’s environmental awareness campaign which began with the publication of his book An Inconvenient Truth.  Gore presents a very well written argument advocating the necessity for massive change in the use of energy. According to Gore, â€Å"we are now faced with an urgent crisis—a crisis that is altering the very nature of the earth’s climate.†Gore makes his compelling argument without preaching, scolding, or frightening. This is extremely rare, and valuable, given the highly volatile nature of any debate involving energy sources and environmental concern. The article is interesting for what is said as well as for what is omitted.The piece is devoid of the usual â€Å"doomsday† statistics and anecdotes projecting a critical problem without a solution. Instead, Gore portrays t he world at a crossroads, the beginning of â€Å"a new age† where â€Å"crisis† should be defined as the Chinese write it: â€Å"danger† and â€Å"opportunity†. He does not need to elaborate on the well-known and documented dangers facing the world regarding climate change. Instead, he illustrates several of the opportunities he visualizes in the future.His first example is the development of an â€Å"electranet† distribution network for electrical power. Instead of massive coal, oil, or nuclear fuel power plants, smaller suppliers, including wind and solar power generators, will be widespread.Additionally, anyone on the â€Å"electranet† who can generate electricity, from small home solar units to larger industrial generators, will be able to sell their surplus power to the grid. Other changes envisioned include â€Å"smart† buildings â€Å"constructed with breakthrough solar and nanotechnologies† and super-high mileage vehicl es.Gore is optimistic because â€Å"market forces that are now in motion— driven by visionaries at companies as diverse as Wal-Mart, British Petroleum and General Electric†   are having an effect. But, more must be done: governments must â€Å"exert real leadership† in agreement to the Kyoto treaty and then beyond in order to meet the crisis. With optimism Gore closes by stating it is â€Å"a rare opportunity for our generation to unite behind a historic mission.†I share Gore’s attitude and opinions regarding energy and the environment; however, I believe I am not alone in feeling very apprehensive. A day does not pass without more evidence documenting incredible damage and change in the global environment.It is easy to fear that the world of our children and grandchildren will be terribly damaged. It is difficult to focus on what one individual can do when there is a fear of it being â€Å"too little too late.† As Gore believes market for ces will cause the beneficial change, I believe we must examine how â€Å"we the people† can be a significant part of that force.To paraphrase Gore, the immediate future will be incredibly challenging. I believe he frames the issue perfectly as â€Å"a historic mission† in which we must all play a significant role. In unity there will be success; the environment does not have the luxury of time for divisiveness or finger-pointing.Although it is very likely we will be able to see the reward of collective action, if not, it is certain future generations will see the result of our action or inaction.

Simulation Lab

Simulation Lab Group #5 Dynamic Systems 1, ME3211 David Cramer Percentage of Work_______________________________________ Cory Spelman Percentage of Work_______________________________________ Table of Contents Objective Calculations Experimentation Results Appendices Objective The objective of this lab was to understand how to use the Working Model 2D software and to apply this knowledge to create a vibration absorber. Part 1 was to open up a demo file and analyze the force vs. time of the piston. Part 2 was to create a vibration absorber. The reason for creating the vibration absorber was to limit the motion of a punch press. This press causes unwanted vibrations that affect nearby equipment during operation. The vibration of this press was to be dissipated using a mass and spring sized appropriately for the size of the press and its motion. Calculations The reciprocal motion of the press was given by Equation 1: RPM=440+5*group number? (1) where group number was 5 and RPM is the reciprocal motion of the press in revolutions per minute. This motion was converted to radians per second by using Equation 2: ? RPM*2? 60 (2) where (2? )/(60) was used to convert the revolutions per minute to radians per second. The mass of the press and table top was given as 320kg. The mass for the vibration absorber, ma, was calculated using Equation 3: kama=? 2 (3) where ? was found based on Equation 2 and ka was found using Equation 4: ka=(4450+50*group number) (4) where group number was 5 and ka was found in units of Newtons per meter . These values were used to construct a mass spring system suspended from the table top with mass ma and spring ka. Another mass spring system was created with a mass five times larger than the previous mass and an equivalent spring necessary to satisfy Equation 3. The values found from the calculations are summarized below in Table 1 and the calculations are attached in Appendix A. | Table 1: Calculations| | ? (rad/s)| ka (N/m)| ma (kg)| 1| 15. 5| 4700| 19. 6| 2| 15. 5| 23545| 98| Experimentation For Part 1 the demo file Piston2. m2d was used to analyze the forces on a piston on a crank moving at 500 and 6500 RPM. The animation step was changed from the default value to 0. 001 seconds to allow more data points to be plotted. The plot displayed force in X-direction vs. time that was provided by the Working Model simulation and also a second set of data points for the theoretical force that was calculated using the mass of the piston and its X-acceleration. The objective of Part 2 of th is lab was to create a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a punch press. For this part the gravity was turned off so that the displacement of the press table caused by the forcing function could be analyzed without the effect of gravity. The punch press table was modeled in Working Model as a rectangle with a mass of 320kg which was given. The two legs were each modeled as a spring damper system with stiffness and damping given as 15N/mm and 500kg/s respectively. The sinusoidal motion of the press was modeled as a force in the Y-direction with the value given by Equation 5: F=-150sin(? t) (5) where F was the force in Newtons and ? was the value found using Equation 2. The force was applied to the center of the press table. The simulation was run on the system and a plot of the displacement of the table vs. time was created. A spring with stiffness ka found using Equation 4 was attached to the bottom of the center of the table and mass ma found using Equation 3 was attached to the other end of the spring to act as a vibration damper. The displacement of t he table top vs. ime was again plotted as well as the displacement of ma vs. time. The test procedure was repeated using a ma value 5 times larger than the previous ma value and a different ka value sized accordingly. The values for displacement for this setup were also plotted. All data series for the displacement of ma were imposed on the same chart to allow comparison between the three tests. The model used for this simulation can be seen below in Figure 1: Figure 1, [ ] Results Using demo file Piston2. wm2d a crank with a running speed of 500 RPM, was analyzed in the program for three seconds. After looking at the calculations, calculate the theoretical force by taking the mass multiplied by the acceleration. Figure 2 below shows the theoretical force compared to the actual force. Figure 1 The calculated theoretical force is similar to the actual force relative to time but differs in the directional force by being less than what the actual value really is. Changing the engine speed to 6500 RPM and repeating the process as mentioned above is the next part. Figure 3 shows the theoretical force compared to the actual force with an engine speed of 6500 RPM. Figure 3 The difference between the theoretical and actual force for 6500 RPM is the same as for the speed of 500 RPM. The theoretical force doesn’t have as much directional force as the actual. As predicted, the 6500 RPM engine moved at a much faster rate than the 500 RPM for the three seconds tested. It created many more data points and more values to compare. For part two of the experiment, a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a punch press was created. After calculating the ka and ma values as shown in Table 1,the mass was to be multiplied by five and the spring constant must represent the ass calculated which is also shown in Table 1. A plot was created to show the displacement of the table and displacement of ma after the addition of the absorber for both sets of masses.. Figure 4 below shows the top without dampering, the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg , and a top with a damper of 98 kg. Figure 4 Comparing the three different table top displacements, the second absor ber clearly works the best. Based on figure 4, it shows to be more constant and steadily goes towards zero at a faster rate than the top without dampering and the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg. The displacement of the top with the damper of 19. 6 kg and the top with the damper of 98 kg was plotted based on its displacement of ma. Figure 5 below shows the comparison between the two table tops with different dampering. Figure 5 Based on the given information from the graph, the second absorber works better yet again. The ma of the 19. 6 absorber isn’t as constant and dispersed everywhere while the ma of the 98 absorber is more constant and has a steady range for the seconds that it was tested. References 1 Design Simulation Technologies. (2007). Working Model 2D [Computer program]

Job Analyses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Job Analyses - Assignment Example This is because job analysis takes a deep look into what constitutes a given job. The quality of a company’s workforce is determined by the extent to which workers are accustomed to their jobs. The customization process is essentially spread across attraction, selection, and retention of employees. The hiring and firing process within an organization follows the set human resource goals and objectives. In a real-world situation, job analysis is employed as a vital strategy of enhancing human resource practices within an organization. The ultimate concern for any given employer is whether or not his/her workforce will be competitive and productive enough. This concern is accounted for through job analysis for hiring purposes. Essentially, job analysis informs the design of attracting, selecting and retaining quality talent (Anthony, Kacmar, & Perrewe, 2010). Even with the underlying strengths of this approach, its shortcomings cannot be ignored. Aligning job analysis with the hiring and firing policies could conflict one or more aspects of human resource. Notably, job analysis makes it possible for a company to bring on board a team that best suits its overall

Supply Chains Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chains - Assignment Example 1. Suppliers. The suppliers deliver the raw materials needed to produce the finished goods. Without the suppliers, the company cannot produce the products needed by the customers. Without the products manufactured, the company cannot make a sale. Without a sale, the company cannot generate cash inflows to defray the operating and marketing expenses needed by the company. Without the profit, the company will have to close shop because of bankruptcy. 2. Manufacturing. The company applies human labor and other factory overhead expenses to convert the raw materials into finished goods. The manufacturing process includes the work in process beginning inventory, raw materials purchased during the month, and raw materials remaining during the end of the accounting period. 3. Warehousing and delivery to clients. The company stores the finished goods in its major warehouses in each city, community, or state. The warehouses are responsible for delivering the goods to the company’s display centers and stores. The stores are the delivery points where clients can purchase their needs, wants, and caprices. 4. Intermediaries (Agents). Some companies sell their goods and service through intermediaries. Intermediaries include the department stores, grocery outlets, hardware and construction stores, movie theatre stores, office stores, school stores, and community stores. 5. Transport organizations. The airline companies deliver the finished goods to the display centers, warehouses, and delivery the raw materials from the suppliers to company’s production facilities. The trucking companies deliver the company’s goods and services to different cities, communities, and suburbs within the United States. 3. Warehousing and delivery to clients’ display centers. The warehouse may not have enough stocks ready for delivery to the clients’ display centers. The customers may unexpectedly arrive at a computer shop only to find the store is still waiting for the

Genetic risk factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetic risk factors - Essay Example On family history, his mother had a myocardial infarction due to high cholesterol value that lead to formation of atherosclerotic plaque on the coronary vessels occluding the lower cardiac muscle from getting oxygen. This necessitated a surgical procedure of coronary artery revascularization by using a bypass graft but died because of severe complication of dysrhythmias. Considering environmental factors, my father had a history of smoking. He takes one packet of cigarettes per day. He was constantly exposed to fumes on the road following his career as a driver and spending most of the time on the road. He does not perform aerobic exercise other than the natural work that he does. The food he takes is usually sugary with high cholesterol values. The recent test of the cholesterol value indicated that he had high values of low density lipoproteins (LDL) at 146 mg/dl, the high density lipoproteins (HDL) were at 30 mg/dl and triglycerides were at 156 mg/dl. According to Ondrus and Kanovsky (2013), coronary artery diseases disease is brought by formation of occlusion on coronary vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscles. It is a disease that runs down the families because it is genetic predisposition. Condition such as inactivity due to lack or inadequate exercise and taking high cholesterol foods especially the low density lipoprotein and triglycerides predisposes one to having the condition due to formation of atherosclerotic plaque (Velasco & Rojas, 2013). Smoking may precipitate the formation of the plaque (Kakouros & Kokkinos, 2014). This limits oxygenation of the cardiac muscles hence procedure such as coronary artery bypass grafts are needed. Boles (2013) age has also shown relationship of advancing of disease enhanced with inactivity or to long sitting such as drivers. This lead to stasis of blood hence embolism becomes

HR Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

HR - Assignment Example Effective change management is the driving force behind any successful organization. In an organization that staff always resist any proposed change, the ultimate results are backwardness and a stagnant organization that cannot undertake any innovative product development (Creasey & Hiatt, 2003). Such firms cannot stand fiercely competitive environment and the collapse are an obvious outcome. As a result, the event will take the staff through the outstanding benefits of accepting change within the organization. An organization that can influence its staff to accept and harmoniously implement change will remain relevant amidst the competition levels within an industry. In addition, the workforce benefits greatly as sale volume rises beside attracting and retaining more customers. Such workforce can thus get better remuneration packages thus increased living standards. A motivated worker gives his all in the organization leading to ever rising firm’s productivity that increasingly facilitates better wage and other motivational packages to workers. Thus, staff must embrace a readiness to change

Amish in practical life Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Corporate Governance- Proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Corporate Governance- Proposal - Dissertation Example The core objective of corporate governance is to prevent the negative impact of the unethical business practises on society. The past experience of the corporate governance failure has offered enough evidences for negative impact of society due to corporate failure. On the other hand, the theories of society and business relations explain that every business owes to society and hence, its major priority is to meet the social responsibilities by not practising any unethical business activities (Eweje, 2004, p.16). However, with the passage of time, the rate of corporate governance failure has increased significantly due to multiple corporate scandals. On the other hand, at present, the relationship between the business and society has become more important and it has been evolving constantly. Therefore, the responsibilities of business towards its society have also become more significant. In this respect, management of stakeholders and business ethics are two most necessary criterion s. Both of these two aspects are generally addressed in the code of the corporate governance that strives to meet the overall responsibilities of society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008, p.24). Considering the prevailing importance of corporate governance for the social and economic benefits, many developed countries and world organisations like OECD have developed certain common and desirable code in corporate governance. Other developing countries and emerging nations usually follow these codes of corporate by making certain adjustment based on their own culture, belief and business policies. For example, in Islamic countries (mainly in Middle East region), the entire financial market is based on Islamic religious law known as Sharia. However, the role of corporate governance is to control and guide the companies for practising and conducting the ethical business (Swanson and Fisher, 2011, p.275). 1.2. Saudi Regulations of Corporate Governance The growing importance of the capital ma rkets and other financial markets raise the necessity of a matured corporate governance system so that investors’ trust can be maintained. Hence, the Saudi Arabian Government strived develop a standard set of corporate governance codes in accordance to the compliance of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). â€Å"In February 2009, the World Bank (WB) released its Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) Country Assessment on Corporate Governance in Saudi Arabia† (eStandardsForum, 2010). Saudi Corporate Governance is based on six principle including â€Å"Ensuring the Basis for an Effective Corporate Governance†; â€Å"The Rights of Shareholders and Key Ownership Function†; â€Å"The Equitable Treatment of Shareholders†; â€Å"The Role of Stakeholders in Corporate Governance†; â€Å"Disclosure and Transparency†; and â€Å"The Responsibilities of the Board† (eStandardsForum, 2010). The Board of Capital Market Authority has framed specific laws for corporate governance based on the capital market authority. The laws for corporat

Provide support to manage pain and discomfort Essay Example for Free

Provide support to manage pain and discomfort Essay Agreed ways are a set of rules, regulations, policies and procedures set out by the company which are kept in the office and are always available to be accessed. Care plans, policies and procedures always have to be followed and necessary precautions have to be taken. Before using any kind of methods to manage pain, the resident/service user needs to be assessed has every kind of pain relief can be potentially harmful. Care plans are made individually for a specific person. Care plans are made to bring comfort and support It’s important to be aware of communication, both verbal and non-verbal. It’s important to always communicate slowly and clearly so that the resident can understand you. Always try to empathize with your resident, (empathize to see from their point. I would ask on a scale of 1 to 10, 10 being the highest, and 1 being the lowest, how the pain feels, by communicating you can find out their pain level then inform the Nurse who will then check to see if medication can be administered. Read more: Essay on Provide Support to Manage Pain and Discomfort If a resident cannot communicate verbally I would monitor their body language, i.e. face expressions, i.e. holding their hand, leg or limbs, this could be their way of expressing pain or by checking their turn charts, they might of been in the same position for a long time, i.e. on the left side for some time so by repositioning the resident your relieving them from discomfort and pain. I may be quiet difficult to express and communicate their pain i.e. said once but unclearly, you ask them to repeat themselves, they become angry and shout. Try to listen closely and clearly, it can be very difficult to concentrate energy to communicate, so any communication should be given 100% of your attention. All residents have different ways of communicating and different ways of understanding. All residents have different pain and discomfort levels. It’s important that we understand they are not being difficult or  awkward, just every resident has different types and ways of comfort and relief. Remember pain medication can cause anger and frustration verbally be aggressive cause confusion lack of concentration not able to make clear choices or decisions pain medication could also have an effect on their behaviour make them sleepy Always consider and respect a resident’s culture and religion. It’s very important to remember person centred care = care is designed around the individual not individual around the care. Remember the purpose is to bring pain free, comfort, dignity and peace to your resident.

Helping Behaviour Based on Gender, Race and Mobility

Helping Behaviour Based on Gender, Race and Mobility HELPING BEHAVIOUR BASED ON GENDER, RACE AND MOBILITY Field study on evaluating helping behaviour based on gender, race and mobility Ravindran Ramkumar Abstract This field study investigated the different factors which influence helping behaviour in humans. The experiment is focused on different factors about willingness to help others based on gender, race of the victim and mobility of the helper. The past studies provided support for the experiment that indicating there is a cause-effect relationship between the situational factors, time pressure and helping behaviour. As Piliavin et al. (1968) focused on all three factors and shows that dispositional factors such as gender are influential as well. In conclusion, situation of the victim, dispositions based on gender and social factors in prioritizing the need are all influential factors, but because of limitations to the studies this can only be applicable in multicultural countries where race is not peculiar discrimination factor. Keywords: Gender, racial discrimantion, mobility of the subjects, time pressure. Introduction Prosocial Behaviour: Prosocial behaviour stems from various motives and helps us attain various goals. For this reason, it is a common and an important aspect of our day-to-day social life. Why do people help? Multiple factors play in influencing whether, and to what extent, people engage in prosocial behaviour Many aspects of the situation and several personal factors are also determining. Prosocialality is a voluntary behaviour that is carried out to benefit of another individual (Bar-Tal, 1976; Mussen Eisenberg-Berg, 1977). This study focuses on various factors of prosocial behaviour. To this end, we revisit several previous experiments, Wade, Carole Tavris (2000) believed that bystanders should be less helpful in groups than alone.This was explained using the concept of diffusion of responsibility in which the outcome is diffused, or spread, among many people.Our hypothesis is about to analyse whether one sex is more prosocial than the other, as it is standard in the literature (Croson and Gneezy, 2009). Men are more likely to help a stranger in need than women (e.g. Bryan and Test, 1967; Ehlert et al., 1973; Gaertner and Bickman, 1971;. Graf and Riddle, 1972; Latane, 1970; Morgan, 1973) contrasty the evidence that female reacts more than men to social and emotional stimuli in many contexts (see e.g. Brody and Hall, 2008, or McManis et al., 2001, among many others). Secondly, whether people are readily come forth to help the same gender or the opposite. As the more people were put under time pressure, the less likely they were to help (Darley and Batson, 1973).Thirdly, we hypothesize testing helping behaviour with respect to mobility and state dispositions of the individual. To deduce the consistency with the above mentioned this paper is presented by a field study. Method Participant The participants in this field study were 40 Common pedestrians roaming around Somerset Orchard Area, Singapore, about forenoon 11.30 AM on a Friday. To maintain standard uniformity the participants were randomly chosen from both genders (20 male and 20 female) who were either mobile or Stationary (20 Walking, 20 Sitting or Standing) ranging from young adults to adults. We also assigned two young adult confederates of both genders one native and one non-native person. Materials and Procedure: In this study, we have divided into two groups with one confederate of a gender and an observer with him/her, both the groups made the experiment at the same time and almost closer location, to ensure the results independent of time and location. The confederate showed a battery drained mobile phone to the participant to build their reputation and approached the participants requesting as â€Å"Excuse me, hi, I’m supposed to be meeting a friend but my phone has run out of battery. Would you mind if I borrowed your phone to make a quick call†. Then the observers out of the participants’ sight had recorded their responses on gender, responses or replies, age range and mobility categories. Result Interpretations The results were as follows, among the total 40 participants, 20 were approached by each gender confederate, so it is necessary to examine the results individually first to draw a general result, when the confederate is a female the result ranges as 7 males of total 10 male (4 stationary) were readily offered the help while 6 female of 10 (4 stationary) had offered, in total 13 (65%) people helped. When the confederate is a male, 5 male out of 10 were ready to help (3 Stationary) and 4 females of 10 helped (3 Stationary), in total 9 people (45%). In general 12 males out of 20 and 10 females of 20 lend their mobile phone. So 60% of male were tend to help a stranger while 50% of female does; of 12 male and 10 female with positive response 14 were stationary (7 male and 7 female, i.e. 58% of male and 70% of female) and 8 were moving (5 male and 3 female, i.e. 42% of male and 30% of female), and the participants expressed a range of responses for readily offering the help to offer help after an inquiry with some questions like â€Å"Is that a Local call?†, Some continued their helping despite of their hurry as they committed to help while being stationary (i.e. While waiting at the pedestrian crossing). No noteworthy differences were found in the responses with respect to nativity of the confederates as the experiment location Singapore is a multi-cultural country were discrimation according to race is widely curtailed. Limitations: In particular, that when the details of the experiment are put into a more â€Å"social frame†, the appearance, approach and language of the confederate may have an influence in the decision making of the participant, factors like the participants personality traits (demographic characteristics, personal motives and personality traits) situational constrains (the bystander is in; are they in a hurry or do they have time to stop and help) environmental factors (Temperature, weather, crowd, culture) may also have critical influence on the helping behaviour Discussion The recorded data have been keenly observed to deduce the results as follows. Since the gender and mobility based differences are minimum, in order to elicit subtle conclusions the percentage differences are to be evaluated. When the confederate is a female, 65% of people tend to help while 45% offered when the confederate is male from this we may resolve that people tend to help a female than a male because of the stereotyping dispositions that helping a female is safe and secure than a male as detailed in the study the type of victim (drunk or ill) and the race of victim (black or white) effect on responding, frequency of responding and the race of the helper, the study also shows that gender is a factor in helping behaviour, and that there was no race distinction. Gender and race are both dispositional factors (Piliavin et al, 1969). When a situation to help others arises 60% male were readily willing while 50% of female helped is consistent with our first hypothesis on whether on e sex is more prosocial than the other. Men are more likely to help a stranger in need than women (e.g. Bryan and Test, 1967; Ehlert et al., 1973; Gaertner and Bickman, 1971;. Graf and Riddle, 1972; Latane, 1970; Morgan, 1973). The Comparitively majority of people, despite of gender was tending to give hand for a help when they were stationary than in a movement which is exactly consistent with the previous study that the more the people under time pressure, the less likely they were to help (Darley and Batson, 1973), But the hypothesized bias on helping behaviour according to gender (i.e. helping same or opposite gender) was not significantly detected. Conclusion Consistent with previous studies, we can conclude that male are more likely to help strangers than female, and in sum, the people were more ready to offer help to a female than a male and the state of mobitity indeed have a significant difference in helping behaviour proving that people tend to help others in their happiness and relaxed state. Reference Wade, Carole Tavris, Carol. (2000) Psychology Sixth Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper  Saddle River, 2000. Espinosa M and Kovarik J (2015) Prosocial behaviour and gender. Front. Behav. Neurosci.  9:88. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00088. Alice H. Eagly and Maureen Crowley, (1986) Gender and Helping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Social Psychological Literature, Psychological Bulletin 1986, No.1. 100, No. 3,283-308. John M Darley C Daniel Batson, (1973), From Jerusalem to Jericho, A Study of situational  and dispositional variables in helping behaviour; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, Vol. 27, No.1, 100-108. Nancy Eisenberg and Paul A. Miller, (1987), The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and  Related Behaviors, Arizona State University, Psychological Bulletin 1987, Vol. 101, No. 1.91-119. ErnstFehr And UrsFischbacher, (2003), The Nature Of Human Altruism, Nature 425, 785 –  791 (23 October 2003); Doi:10.1038/Nature02043 Hans-Werner Bierhoff, (2002), Prosocial Behaviour, Taylor and Francis Group Psychology  press, ISBN 0-203-98942-2 Master e-book ISBN. Personality And Social Psychology, Altruism And Prosocial Behavior, John Wiley Sons,  Inc. Chapter 19, Pg. 463 Robert A.Baron, Nyla R. Branscombe, Donn Byrne Gopa Bhardwaj, (2009), Social  Psychology, 12th Edition, Pearson Education Jamie Lynch,, (1998) Effects of Gender and Sex role on Helping Behaviour, Lehigh  University. Paul D. Hastings, Kenneth H. Rubin, Laura Derose,(2005), Links Among Gender,  Inhibition, And Parental Socialization In The Development Of Prosocial Behavior, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 4. Roberts, William, And Sthayer, Janet.(1996), Empathy, Emotional Expressiveness, And  Prosocial Behavior. Child Development, 1996,67,449-470 David Myers,Prem Sahajpal,Pushpita Behera; Social Psychology (English) 10th Edition,  McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited (Words 1602) Appendix A Observations made on the fiels study with respet to the participants’ gender, age group and mobility Group members: Jarinda, Ram, Beth, Devin, Fred. Trial No. 1 Experimenter: Beth Observer: Devin. Date conducted: 20 Mar 2015 Experiment start: 11.10am Experiment end: 12:20pm Location: Orchard Rd, pedestrian path outside Orchard Central Shopping Centre, 181 Orchard Road, S.238896. Appendix B Trail No. 2 Experimenter: Fredrick Observer: Jeranda Ramkumar. Date conducted: 20 Mar 2015 Experiment start: 11.30am Experiment end: 12:50pm Location: Orchard Rd, pedestrian path outside Orchard Central Shopping Centre, 181 Orchard Road, S.238896.

Teamwork And Leadership Skills Management Essay

Teamwork And Leadership Skills Management Essay An organization is a formal group of people with one or more shared goals. Organisation has people working for them with the sole motive of making profits for the company. It is rightly said by Lewis B. Ergen, The ratio of Wes to Is is the best indicator of the development of a team. According to Henry Ford Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success. The concept of two or more people working collectively is called a team. It is also define by the Websters dictionary that teamwork is a combined action by a group of people who keep their personal interest and opinions aside for the unity and integrity of the group. Though this is a definition but it does not imply that the individual people in the organisation are not important unless they are in a group. Meaning or definition of teamwork, in general terms means that efficient and effective team efforts are always ahead of the individuals reach. The best result of teamwork is produced when all individual in the group are focused towards one common objective or goal. In order to inspire the employees to a greater level, companies need a Leader. I believe in the saying that Leaders are made not born. Anyone who has the willpower and the desire can be a potential leader. Leaders can be developed by proper education, experience over the years and the right training. Over the period of time, the leaders also have to keep them up-to-date by the process of continuous learning. Thus, leadership is a process which is used to motivate other people in order to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the company. A perfect example of a leader is Mahatma Gandhi, who fought the non-violence fight for the freedom of his nation, India, having the entire nation as his follower. ROLE OF TEAMWORK Over the years, teamwork has become an extremely important term for any company. It has been laid down in the culture at workplace and hence making it a major and crucial part of the selection process for many companies. All companies understand the importance and the wonders what team can do. Organisations believer that nothing is impossible if all great minds, work together. There is a very famous saying that there is no I in the word Team. Having teams can result in faster and efficient outputs with better decision making skills. The various advantages of teamwork for all organisations are: It improves profitability as well as productivity as all the employees are highly motivated and skilled. There is a major reduction in wastage which in turn reduces the cost. A team leader constantly keeps a regular check on the quality of the products. The level of motivation within employees is also increased due to development of the personnel by exchange of great thoughts and idea within teams. Recognition of individual members within teams also motivates member to put more efforts. It also leads to low turnover rate of absenteeism is also reduced as employees develop a sense of belonging towards the company. All complex issues or decision are handled in a better manner and at a faster rate. Therefore, the all critical issues of the company are dealt with greater variety of knowledge experience and skill. ROLE OF LEADERSHIP A leader needs to perform the following to remain on his position. Encourages the heart   A leader should enjoy all the moment of glory with the followers whereas try to restrict the sad news away from them. Enable others to act   It is extremely important for a leader to provide other with all possible tools and ideas at the leaders disposal to the members which could help in quicker decision making. Model the way   the basic difference between a manager and a leader is that a manager will tell others what to do and how to do it , whereas a leader will actually perform the task himself and then ask others to follow by doing the same. Challenge the process   A leader also brings about change in the organisation. Since the managers role is to guide what he has bee told by the top management but leader, initiates new developments and seeks things for improvement. Inspire a shared vision   A good leader should never hide anything from his followers. The leaders should share all his ideas and plans with the followers. Leadership theory models can explain more Bass Theory of Leadership In order to understand, how normal people can become Leaders, we can analyse Bass theory of leadership which says there are three major theories which can explain this phenomena: People are born with difference in traits or personalities that may naturally take the individual to perform leadership role. This theory is known as the trait theory. In case of a crisis or a deadly situation, the person who stands up on that moment which brings out the astonishing qualities in a normal man is called the Great Events theory. Some people can choose to become leaders and learn the required leadership skills. This theory is called the transformational or process theory of leadership. It is widely used theory these days, universities and colleges are having special courses and lecture to guide students who plan to become great leaders of the future. CHARECTORSTICKS OF A TEAM IN A WORKPLACE Leadership- it is important for all teams to have a leader who could provide them with right direction and guide them. The leader of the team should not consider himself above the team members, A team leaders is the one who work as a part of team, keeping all members joined together. Clear goal- all members of the team should have a clear idea of what has to be done. The objectives should be SMART, specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time bound. Results-driven structure- the teams should be given some freedom from the management in order to try different ways in which they feel that the output can improve. The team leader should have enough authority to change things around a little. All competent team members- it is vitially important for any team to have good team members. One bad fish can dirty the entire pond, similarly, if one member is not contributing as expected of him, the work is divided among other member of the team. Unified commitment- the member should only have one common goal and not few separate individual goals as difference in motives might lead to conflicts within teams. Collaborative climate- A team must posses a climate that has clouds full of trust, respect and honesty among the team members for each other as well as the team leader. High standards- it is very important for the leader to set a high standard for the members as they should know what is expected from them. Just by having bold meeting and saying big words wont make any difference, the leader has to perform his duty and demonstrate how are things needed to be done. External support and encouragement- A team comprises of many individuals, all oh who are thirsty for appreciation and encouragement from their managers and leaders for the efforts. Motivation also plays a key role in better output of a team. CHARACTERISTIC OR FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP Leader- A team leader should be honest, intelligent, and understanding person, who should know his capabilities and capacity. The level of success of the leader is determined by the followers and not the leader himself therefore, in order to be a good and successful leader, the person should be able to convince his followers about the things he can achiever by their support and hard work. Followers- different companies require different kinds of leaders and their abilities. A company like Anita Rodricks Body Shop requires a leader to be human oriented, who could lead the team by motivating them at every step and consider the followers as a part of the business, whereas in companies like MacDonalds, a followers are normal part time staff members, who learn the job in a day and thus need a leader with close supervision. Communication- two-way communication is the key for any successful teamwork in any company. Communication forms a very basis of any team, mostly the non-verbal form. It is very important that the leader communicates his vision across to all the members and the members in return communicate their responses to the change and how can they contribute towards it. Situation- it is extremely important for a leader to be able to adapt him-self according to the changing situations on a daily basis. For instance a people-oriented leader, who usually tends to soft towards employees, has to take a firm decision of telling some one they cant go on leave due to high work pressures, and deadlines. The situation normally has more impact on the leaders act rather than his traits due to the fact that, leaders can stabilise their inner traits over a period of time but difference in situations is the real test for any leader. Due to this reason many authors have claimed the situational theory more effective than the process or the trait theory. BELBINS TEAM ROLES If a team wishes to have 100% success, the members should have one of the following eight roles formulated by Dr, Meredith Belbin, called as the Belbin team roles. These roles are: The MONITOR-EVALUATOR, one who contributes a specific study by the help of objectivity and stops. The PLANT is a member who has original ideas, solutions, suggestions and plans. TEAM WORKER performs even if other members fail to contribute their respective part of the work and works even under immense work pressures. The IMPLEMENTOR is the person who, implements the taken decision into meaningful information and implements the decision into manageable tasks. The RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR is a member who thinks out of the box and gathers information from all possible sources and starts the discussion e.g. sales people of the team. The CO-ORDINATOR is the one who combine all the other members together and reminds the member of their task and set objectives on a daily basis in order to lay down the daily agenda. The SHAPER provides direction and shape to the team and their efforts, but does not really interfere in the discussion. The FINISHER is the one who keeps reminding all the member of the deadline and the urgency being a bit hard. Thus, as discussed above, that different situations require different team members contribution. For instance- all new teams would require a good shaper, competitive situations would require an innovator, who could provide innovative ideas to have a differentiated product or service. CRITICAL REVIEW The main reason that affect any team is its- Purpose and mission The most important and the basic requirement for any team for be successful is to have clear purpose and mission of the company which explains the team, what they have to do and then they make their own short and long term goals in order to decide how to achieve them. We can illustrate motivation by a simple hypothetical situation. In a construction company project, there are group of electricians hired to perform all the work related to making cable terminals. The company assumed they would work together, after two months, all the electricians were about to leave the job on asking the reason, they explained that they were having issues with maintaining their focus as they could not maintain their interest in their jobs because some of them were conduit specialist, some being good at cable trays while other who did not directly work with cable terminals. Thus the company got the problem and realised that is the purpose of any job is different between members they will tend to have conflicts and result in lack of motivation as well. Along with clear purpose and mission, motivation has also be described as a key element of the driving factors behind a successful team. If the teams are not fully motivated by their leaders, how ever the big company is, whatever the money involved is, without inner drive or the urge to attain something is missing, nothing could be achieved. It it is the prime duty of the team leader to keep his team highly motivated and make them ready to crack and hard rock that comes on their way to success. PRATICAL EXAMPLE Leadership I work in Mark Spencer for the past two years in London; we have a busy retail outlet. Recently, during the Christmas period, our Sales Team leader/ supervisor in the store had to take a leave for 2 weeks. Being the most experienced member after him, I had to take the responsibility on my shoulders and ensure that the targets of the team werent hampered due to his absence. At the beginning it all seemed out of place, i)various tasks needed to be completed for Christmas ii) I was the youngest member of the team yet the leader of the lot. This is where my degree in Business management came to be applied, through application theories and techniques learnt at University, I was able to become the leader of the team, having an approach of management of commitment and not management of control, along with other management skills like planning, implementation, delegation, control I was able to run the store smoothly for those 2 weeks. Teamwork: Working in MS, we mostly have a team of 15 employees working in a shift, along with 2 supervisors and 2 line managers. We are always busy during special days like Valentines and Christmas day, during Christmas time, our store was really busy and we were also short of staff being the festival season. There was a team of 7 employees and 3 being new Christmas staff. I was the most experienced staff at that point of time and all my supervisors assigned me work, so I had to co-ordinate that work among my team members and I had to act as a team leader. I asked them to divide the task in different sections and try to finish it as soon as possible and then let me know when they were done and by this we reached are daily targets and the managers appreciated my work and contribution towards sales. CONCLUSION Thus, teamwork is an essential feature for all modern companies. They believe if all their employees are equipped with good teamwork skills, it can also lead to their competitive edge and hence teamwork has been laid down in the recruitment and selection process of the workforce in order to get the right man, for the right job at the right place and at the right time. Teamwork, without a leader is like boat in the middle of the sea but have no idea where to float. The leader along with providing direction also binds the team together and aligns all the members towards the companys goal. A good leader and a strong team is all a company needs in order to capture any market in the modern world. Thought not always all members get along well, the problems with teams are, many a times not all members contribute equally and like to pas the buck onto other shoulders, thinking that they would not be caught by anyone. But due this reason there are taken out of the team and new member is introduced. It is the duty of the leader to make sure all members in the team are happy with each other and performing to a level that will take them towards success.

Satiation in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Margaret Cavendish’s Blazing World :: Paradise lost Blazing World

Satiation in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Margaret Cavendish’s Blazing World Hell is huge but it isn’t big enough. Within the text of Paradise Lost by John Milton, it is, A universe of death, which God by curse Created evil, for evil only good,Where all life dies, death lives, and nature breeds,Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things,Abominable, inutterable, and worse†¦ (II.622-6)There is no satiety in Hell. Eden, by comparison, is a relatively small place in Milton’s epic poem, but it seems to be an environment replete with satisfaction. Or is it? We students of experiential literature owe Milton a debt of gratitude for helping us to experience our forebears’, that is Adam and Eve’s, lack of satiation within a paradisiacal environment. This paper will explore the topic of satiety within that environment; and, along the way, discuss the concept of singularity found in Cavendish’s Blazing World for comment upon that satiation. Milton begins at the middle of his epic with an appeal to music, a universal and fulfilling language, â€Å"Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, Sing Heavenly Muse† (I.5-6).He immediately places us after the fall and takes us beyond sentience with an invocation to a muse, only this muse is beyond all muses and this epic is above all epics: I thence Invoke thy aid to my advent’rous song,That with no middle flight intends to soar Above th’ Aonian mount, while it pursues Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. (I.12-16) Milton establishes himself as the legitimate teller of the tale – and this tale will take us beyond the mythology of the Greeks’Aonian Mount and inoculate us against Hell’s prodigiousness. He is taking us beyond mythological or explanatory pictures of ourselves, to an area where we may bask in a greater comfort: Taught by the Heav’nly Muse to venture down The dark descent, and up to reascend, Though hard and rare: thee I revisit safe,And feel thy sovran vital lamp†¦ (III.19-22) In her note to the reader in The Description of A New World, Called The Blazing World, it is evident that Margaret Cavendish seeks to take us beyond mere studious thoughts, to a place sated with fancy: And this is the reason, why I added this piece of fancy to my philosophical observations, and joined them as two worlds at the ends of their poles; both for my own sake, to divert my studious thoughts, which I employed in the contemplation thereof, and to delight the reader with variety, which is always pleasing.

Essays --

Holiday Hazards: Overcrowded Warehouses Stuffed With Presents! In 2012, Amazon was selling 306 items every SECOND during the holiday rush. As more and more people shop the Internet for the next best deal, remember the method behind the madness. All these goods come from warehouses. It can be tempting to crowd out the aisles in the warehouse to up the sales ability and logistics of your company. Think Twice – OSHA doesn’t care about soaring sales, safety is especially significant during this busy time of year. Safety issues can arise at any time, but since Americans spend the most money around the holidays, conducting self-inspections and keeping notes on what went well and what went wrong can give insight for improved logistics and safety in the New Year. However you organize, a clear plan should be in place for optimal functionality with minimal interruption for the product to get from storage to the loading dock – and safely. Here are a few items to consider this season: †¢ Keep Forklift Traffic and Pedestrian Traffic Separate. Have clearly marked paths for pedestrians...

Drivers of Industry Financial Structure

Executive summary Ratios of ten companies are presented in this study. The companies are all headquartered in the United States and the financial statements are the most recent annual financials for the respective fiscal years ending in 1999 or 2000. The companies are: 1. Developer of prepackaged software 2. On-line retailer 3. Warehouse club for food and general merchandise 4. Major passenger airline 5. International hotel chain 6. Temporary staffing agency 7. Supermarket grocery retailer 8. Pharmaceutical company 9. Manufacturer of electronic communications equipment 0. Manufacturer and marketer of consumer products Analysis 1. Innovation is extremely important in the software industry and it requires investments. The gross margin is very high: 90. 7%. Office buildings and computers are the services needed. High R&D/Sales: 19. 8%. The Net Plant & Equipment is low: 8. 6% 2. Receivables are unimportant for an online retailer. No R&D since the company sells goods and products from oth ers and it has zero R&D expense. 3. Warehouse Club for food and general merchandise has high Net Plant & Equipment 44. % and zero Unearned Revenue. The Inventory is high 41. 6% comparing with a supermarket grocery retailer. 4. Major passenger airline has some Accounts Payable 13. 0%, high Unearned Revenue as a result of prepaid ticket purchases for future air travel 11. 0%. 5. International hotel chain has high Goodwill: 25. 1% 6. Temporary staffing agency has a relatively low percent of Net Plant. The temporary workers are the main resource of a staffing agency. Because it is a service industry, there is no Inventory and R&D is not necessary so they are 0.A high Asset Turnover: 4. 130. 7. Supermarket grocery retailer is similar with warehouse club for food and general merchandise but the supermarket gross margin in higher 26. 5% and net profit margin is lower. High inventory 21. 9% and high Net Plant &Equipment 46. 1%. 8. Pharmaceutical company has a low inventory 8. 0% and a mediu m size of Net Plant & Equipment 27. 2%. The Gross Margin is pretty high 46. 4%. A common use of the Gross Margin is to estimate a company’s breakeven sales volume. (Higgins,2012) 9.Manufacturer of electronic communications equipment has the lower Profit Margin and longer Accounts Receivable characteristic of a firm effectively bidding for government contracts. 10. Manufacturer and marketer of consumer products have a small size of Inventory 10. 4% and its Net Plant & Equipment is 39. 3%. The Unearned Revenues is zero and R&D/Sales is also 0. Conclusions ?Service Industries: Temporary staffing agency, hotel and airline: balance sheets are C, D & I. I is the temporary staffing agency D is expected to be the airline C remains as the hotel R&D Based Firms: Software, On-Line Retailing, Pharmaceutical and Communication Equipment. Financial statement candidates would be A, F, G & J. J is the software firm A is clearly the on-line retailer since it is losing. G is the communication e quipment firm because it has the lower Profit Margin and higher Accounts Receivable. F remains the pharmaceutical firm because it has higher Margins due to the capacity to keep high drug prices. It also spends a significant amount on R&D while the competition is always coming up with a new product. Consumer or Retail Based: Warehouse Club, Supermarket and Consumer Products firm. Remaining financial statements are B, E & H. B & H have low Accounts Receivable, Margins and high Inventory turnover so must be the warehouse club and the supermarket. E must be the consumer product company. B must be the grocery chain since it has the higher markup and higher expenses relative to H. H, by process of elimination, is the warehouse club. References: Higgins, Robert C. (2012) Analysis for Financial Management, 10th edited by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc

Richard Miller

Brittany Scott February 22, 2013 Prof. Brittany Scott February 22, 2013 Prof. â€Å"The Stereotypes of Freire, Miller, Rodriguez, and Bordo† Having to read four stories from four well educated authors can leave you puzzled, but it can also open your mind to other forms of learning. The stories â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education by Paulo Freire, â€Å"The Dark Knight of the Soul† by Richard Miller, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, and â€Å"Beauty (Re)Discovers the Males Body† by Susan Bordo all take on different aspects of learning. But while analyzing my readings I noticed that each author made a stereotype for their view of learning.Paulo Freire’s, said to be one of the most influential radical educators of our world viewings of literature were based on students and teachers. Freire created a system for teachers and students to have an equal power, but while doing his research him began to compare student teacher learning relations. Freire stereotyped students as takers (depositories) and teacher’s givers (depositors), but he also made it known that at times a student can be the giver. By students getting their education from a higher power, Freire feels as if it is depriving students of their creativity.In a passage from Freire states â€Å"Oppression – overwhelming control – is necrophilic; it is nourished by love of death, not life. The banking concept of education, which serves the interest of oppression, is also necrophilic. Based on a mechanistic, static, naturalistic, spatialized, view of consciousness, it transforms students into receiving objects. It attempts to control thinking and action, leads women and men to adjust to the world, and inhibits their creative powers. † I believe that Freire use his concepts as examples. From the quote from the book, he made it known that we as students are oppressed by the higher authority, the teacher.Through h is explanations he made it known that we receive and the more that we just receive, we are only going to regurgitate. Which leave you to having no creativity. In Richard E. Miller†s â€Å"The Dark Knight of the Soul† he compared literature to massacres. In Millers first story He used the events that happened at Columbine High School. Stating that the two young fellas Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were all these things such as middle class, follower and leader, smart kid and a loser, and the even had alcohol fueled dreams but yet Miller felt as if more education and religion would have kept the two in line.The young ma Harris was said to have applied to numerous of colleges but was rejected and he was also rejected from the Marine Corps from having some drug in his system, all of this being weeks before the big massacre. They were bright students and brilliant when it came to computers and math but only one of them had something going for themself and that was Klebold. K lebold was well known in school, had a date for prom and even visited a college wee we was going to be attending in the upcoming semester, but soon both boys worlds would meet and collide.Miller basically said that if we read, write, and talk more that we are less likely to commit to deviance acts of violence. Richard Rodriguez used himself as a personal image but used his family as reflective image for the upcoming success he was striving for in â€Å"The Achievement of Desire. † Although Rodriguez is Latino and his family is considered to be middle class, as he got older and his knowledge began to expand he began to look down on of those little or less knowledge of what he knew.He was very distant from his family because of the love he ad from his books and the little interaction he would give them because he felt different; he felt like he could/should be better than them. As he got older his family laughed at him and called him names because he somewhat considered himself better than them. As he got older he began to critique himself for the distance, looking down on his family, and wanting to be so much of a scholar that he finally realized he was basically by himself.Being in a school in another country, watching others and how they socialize made realize that he was by himself and that instead of investing so much time into books, trying to be like that teacher he should have invested his time into a family ad even having friends. In Susan Bordo’s â€Å"Beauty (Re) discovers the Male Body† she takes the pressure off of us woman and finally puts it on the man by comparing the judgment of the males’ picture and the females’ picture.Bordo took the fire off of us females and finally put it of the male by comparing the likelihood of a female dressed a certain way in a photo on a billboard or in a magazine somewhere to a male dressed with more or less clothing. I can recall Bordo saying â€Å"Woman may dread being surveyed harshly†¦ men are not supposed to enjoy being surveyed period. † She feels that men are getting more comfortable wearing little to no clothing, being looked at as meat, or maybe even a sex symbol. In a commercial advertisement that Bordo seen read â€Å"men act and woman appear. A man can sit around and do work but not pay attention to any attention that is coming his way while a woman will show off her legs and her cleavage just to get that attention she is looking for. As time changes men are becoming more self-conscious of their appearance and what others may think of them. They are more willing to pose naked and take on certain roles in movies that they would not have in once upon a time. Whether it is their size, their looks, their shape, or even their masculinity both mean and woman are creatures of appearances and actions.Each author has their own perception of imaging. Whether it is visual, hands on, or something that they actually may have been a part of. During their phases of teaching they all began to hypothesize or stereotype a human been in some shape or form of an object. They still stick to their idea and they go on to describe how and why they feel that we as people are what they are characterizing. Freire, Miller, Rodrigues, and Bordo were all well educated in their area of works. They also made it easy for me as a student to understand learning through their eyes.

English Composition Final Exam

Topic Three Recommendations to decrease violent juvenile crime range from see-through school bags to confiscating guns, eliminating violent video games, altering local news coverage, and changing the way parents teach their children esteem for others. Imagine that you are an advisor to the President of the United States and you have been asked to write a policy speech in which you lay out a series of feasible initiatives for reducing violent crime by juveniles.In recent years, juvenile crime has risen to an alarming level. The average age of a violent crime offender has decreased in the last generation, and every state is prone to the devastating impact of youth violence. The average age of murder victims of a youth offender is fourteen years of age. It is time for adults to act to reduce youth violence (Office of the Commission and Families 2014). The crimes committed are the same. The only change is the age of the offender.The starting point to reducing youth violence is evidence-b ased practices. Proven programs have shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior in at least two trials by using a strong research design. Proven Strategies have shown through meta- analysis Of scientifically credible evaluations to reduce recidivism. Rumoring Programs have shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior by using a strong research design, but outcomes have not yet been replicated.Proven programs, such as the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program, must have at least one negative outcome that is changed by 20% or more for the better. The study design must use a convincing comparison group randomized-control trial or some quasi-experimental designs. The sample size of the evaluation must exceed 30 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. Promising programs, such as Be Proud! Be Responsible! , must have more than a 1% change in the outcome.The study must have a com parison group, but it may exhibit some weaknesses, such as, the groups lack comparability on pre- existing variables or the analysis does not employ appropriate statistical controls. The sample size of the evaluation must exceed 10 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. There is no all-encompassing approach to preventing youth violence. However, communities can help reduce youth violence by developing a city-wide tragedy that combines prevention, intervention, treatment, and re-entry strategies.Prevention begins with parents being parents. Children have enough peers. What they need is guidance from a stable adult. Some parents are trying to relive their childhood through their children by being more of a friend and less of a parent. This is where the respect for elders is broken down, leading to violence. Intervention is where the parent chooses to grow up before the child. The parent must reiterate respectful behaviors towards others, giving an ultimatum, but also giving support to help make the better sections. Treatment comes in many forms.

Art Appreciation Essay

Whatever form of art we see, its main characteristic is to please our senses. Art expresses the feelings of the artist that can be interpreted by us in various ways. This lesson will discuss the different forms of art, its elements and principles of art design that make our life more enriching. Objectives At the end of the lesson, you will be able to: 1. discuss the different forms of art; 2. distinguish the functions of art; and 3. reflect on the functions of art with regard to their personal contributions to the development of art. Topic Scope of Art There are different forms of art that affect our feelings and emotions. We may define art as a medium through which we express our thoughts, feelings and emotions. It is through art that we can reveal to the world our creativity that exists in our mind and also our deepest feelings. The artist or the doer of the art through his artwork tells a story and conveys a meaning with another human being indirectly but deeply felt. Art has a silent power to move our soul and enlighten our spirits as evidenced when we see displayed artworks elsewhere. Many civilizations are considered great because of their advancement in art. There are different forms of art. In this lesson, we consider these two classes: visual art and performing art. Visual art includes paintings, sculpture, literature, calligraphy, photography and architecture. 1 Manual Title MODULE OF INSTRUCTION Performing arts are all forms of dance, music, theater and films. Art can also be classified as fine art, commercial art, and applied art. Visual Arts Visual art can be explained as a form of art that uses any medium to represent the artist’s idea, emotion and imagination. They are those creations we can look at. Visual arts can be further classified as: Drawing –It is a representation of any form or object by hand. Painting – Paintings are classified according to the style in which they are made as well as the genre and main object of the painting. Still life, landscapes, seascapes, abstract and pop are the different types of painting genres that are popular among artists. Sculpture – Sculptures are also among the different forms of art that falls under visual art that are made in two ways, either chiselled or carved. Calligraphy – The art of writing letters in a manner that it looks visually appealing. It is a form of visual art that has great commercial value and is much sought after Photography – Photography is the art of producing an image of an object on a photographic film. The way the image is captured with the use of light differs from photographer to photographer. Performing Arts There are many forms of arts but the performing art is much appreciated and enjoyed by us – dance, music, films, theatre and drama. Artists that perform these are known as dancers for those who perform dance, musicians for music, actors for films, theatres and drama etc. 2 Manual Title MODULE OF INSTRUCTION Performing arts may be classified as: Dance – It is a non-verbal communication and movement of the body with the accompaniment of music which is delightful and harmonious that conveys the artist’s thoughts, feelings and emotions. Singing – This is an act of producing sound with the voice in a rhythmic manner that is pleasing to the ear. It is often accompanied by the use of musical instruments. Films and Theater – These are forms of art that use stories that capture our imagination. They are performed by artists in front of an audience. Music – It is one of the most admired form of art and is difficult to define. It is any harmonious sound from human voice or musical instrument. It has the power to change our mood, and lift our spirits and move our emotion Applied Art Applied art is a part of visual art that has practical application and functionality. Let us discuss the different types of applied art. Architecture – Architecture is a form of applied art that concerns with designing and building any construction. Fashion Design – Fashion design is the art of designing apparels that are aesthetically pleasing as well as functional. It involves working with different types of fabrics and patterns which are then designed into garments. Great fashion designs are illustrated by the uniqueness and perfection of created styles. Jewelry Design – Jewelry design is also a different form of art and it involves the design of complicated pieces of jewelry from metals, wood or plastic. Wood Crafts – Any object that is made with wood that is beautifully pleasing to the eye and is functional is called wood crafts. Furniture and decor items are examples of woodworking. 3 Manual Title MODULE OF INSTRUCTION Interior Design – The art of planning the design, layout and style of an architectural space, be it home or office is called as interior design. Home furnishings are examples of this. Fine Art Esaak(Arthistory. About. Com) said, Art knows no boundaries and the different art forms are always of help whenever we feel the need to stimulate our senses. Fine Arts are called fine arts because, only the â€Å"fine† people – those who did not do manual labor- studied them. Fine arts are those which have primarily to do with the imagination and taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful like painting, sculpture, music, theatre etc. Commercial Art Commercial art is a form of art that includes designing books, advertisements, signs, posters, and other displays to promote sale or acceptance of products, services, or ideas. It is really very confusing for us to distinguish the forms of art because some overlap. For example, some people classify painting as visual art, while others say it is â€Å"fine† art. It is also classified as commercial art because it is created for the purpose of generating sales and income. However, for us to have a common understanding about the arts, we rather consider the arts as visual or performing arts. Functions of Art Every art has definite functions as it satisfies particular needs. To the ordinary man, art may not have much function. For him, he finds art meaningful if it is useful and can serve the purpose of which it was designed. Evidently, architecture is an art that is directly functional because of the usefulness of the buildings that are constructed for a special purpose. In here, architecture allows the artist to express his compassion for beauty. In a building, the function of the building is very clear that it serves to shelter man from harm. Music is used entertain people, soothe their feelings, worship the gods and for rituals. Sculpture and paintings are used to narrate and commemorate events and portray people. Arts and crafts like jewelry, lamps, weapons, tools, ceramics, glassware, electronics, etc. are made for specific purposes.

Woman as President of the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Woman as President of the US - Essay Example Even though we are a democracy, we are not an educated democracy. Americans are finding out that we need to use all of our resources to keep our country on top and women make up over half of the population. Women have and are becoming incredibly powerful leaders and have proved to be strong leaders in congress and other political offices. It is the American women president's intention to support and influence the nation's political agenda by promoting strong women candidates for political office The idea that a woman could put together a successful bid for the Presidency of the United States is gaining momentum and will lead to a female president in the next 10 years. The movement is building on what many consider to be extremely successful attempts, particularly within the last decade. The public's opinion has changed significantly from 50 years ago, when only 52% of Americans would have voted for a woman nominated by their party, if the woman was qualified, as compared to a 92% affirmative response today. (www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/03/opinion/polls/main1281319.shtml) So, why is there such a dramatic shift in opinion Could the shift in opinion be related to the public's perception of what makes a great President How do current presidential hopefuls stand up to these perceptions and what should they do to make themselves viable candidates in the eye of the voting public The answers may lie in the personality traits of former Presidents, who may be considered by many to be great, or in other words, considered to be most influential and effective while in office. different media channels such as political talk and radio shows, news print, internet and political magazines American women president have helped the women candidates receive more positive attention by guiding them to portray a more positive image to the publics. American women president will use these channels of distribution to educate the American people and influence the polls thus in the next ten years we will have a woman president. Women Less Likely Than Men to Run For Political Office Women may not be as successful as men in some aspects; however, the way women have advanced in today's world has shown us that women are an important part. Women's status in society has increased with time, but throughout sports, religion, as well as government, males still lead the way.Fewer women run for president than men, because even though the American society has over come its traditional thinking that females should stay at home, they still think that women are not good decision makers nether can they make strong decision like war or other such necessary things. Women themselves know that at times they will have to make be decisions against their nature. For example they may have to order to kill someone to keep trade secrets and women cannot have that much ruthless in her. Apart from this women are not as power hungry or authoritative as male's are and thus their desire for the presidential office is much less then that of males (Tumulty p 3) Conclusion Thus it can be said that in the near future the US will have a female president, and people will whole heartedly accept her. The

Underdevelopment in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Underdevelopment in Africa - Essay Example Underdevelopment in Africa Africa suffers persistent underdevelopment. Waiting 120 years, however, is hardly a feasible option. A solution is needed but solutions are dependant upon understanding the causes of persistent underdevelopment in Africa. A critical analysis of the situation indicates that while there is no single cause for persistent underdevelopment in Africa, corruption and totalitarian dictatorships may be identified as the primary causes. Within Africa, the legacy of colonialism is the most popular explanation for the continent's continuing underdevelopment. Certainly, as J. Brea (2008) explains, colonialism with its tendency for the "haphazard" division of territories and creation of states, not to mention its exploitation of the continent's natural resources, is a factor in Africa's underdevelopment (para. 1). In essence, the haphazard creation of nations is at the root if the failed state phenomenon which several African nations suffer from and, as such, is a root cause of political instability and hence, the inability to implement economic development policies (Brea, 2008). Nevertheless, it is hardly the primary cause of continued underdevelopment. Continued underdevelopment in Africa and the continent’s persistent failure to improve its economic status is primarily due to corruption, enabled by absolute totalitarian dictatorships. As Senyo Adjilbolosoo (2005) argues, Africa has received billions of dollars in aid and foreign investment during the post-colonial period.

The complexities involved in the Sentencing Phase Research Paper

The complexities involved in the Sentencing Phase - Research Paper Example The Moral Dilemma a. Secularism vs. Religious Belief b. Violent & Non-violent Offences c. Love Research Paper: Abstract The teachings of Jesus Christ on non-violence, love for one’s neighbor, and forgiveness of sins pose a moral dilemma particularly for judges who are required to pass sentence on criminals convicted of crimes, as society may demand legal punishment for criminal offences but the Bible counsels one to forgive those who trespass against moral standards. Research Paper: There is a general misconception popularly that Christians are associated with deeply conservative political values and support public policies such as â€Å"tough on crime† campaigns, tougher sentencing laws for criminals, and even foreign wars in American politics. It is difficult in many ways to understand how Christians became associated with these political ideas because practically they would seem to conflict directly with the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount where Jesus counseled the practice of non-violence, love, and forgiveness to all his disciples. In considering what it means to be Christian, there are undoubtedly as many varieties of faith as there are individuals, for God and faith are very personal. From the Bible, it can be understood that to be â€Å"Christian† is to be an actual disciple of the living Christ, who taught as it is recorded in the New Testament and whose teachings have been preserved for over 2000 years by the Church. Despite apparent differences between the various sects such as Catholic, Protestant, and so forth, all Christians can be said to be direct disciples of the living Christ, even in today’s modern world, because Jesus is timeless and ever-present as God’s love. Yet, one must recognize a difference between Christianity as a creed and being a disciple of the living Christ, for Jesus counseled to his followers to leave everything in this world and follow him. The criminal justice system today is surely no different than the Roman court of justice that sentenced Jesus to the cross, sadly as it may be, and despite the Bible being used in the courtroom to swear witnesses to truth, it cannot be said that the truth is actually being practiced there. For example, it is well established that there is a different tone and content to the New Testament that is not heard in the Old Testament prophets, and this comes from the voice of Jesus preaching the power of love. For Jesus, love and God are identical. If one practices love, or feels love naturally for a person, animal, or other being, then the first and foremost feeling that is experienced is the wish never to harm that being. In daily life, people can clearly identify their feelings of love because they would always wish the best for those people that they love and want to protect them. Thus, when one feels so much love for another person that they would do anything for them, even give their life to save them, then that is approaching th e love that Jesus speaks of as Agape in the Bible. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi were both inspired by Jesus’ teachings on Agape to build their entire philosophy of non-violence on this basis. In doing so, they are following directly in the footsteps of Jesus, because Christ as a prophet Himself based his ministry on Agape and the power of forgiveness. The legal justice system is also known as the criminal-industrial complex, a term that relates to President Eisenhower’s farewell address which warned of the dangers of militarism

Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling Essay

Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling - Essay Example These usually shares 50%-70% of the total items yet contribute only 5% to 20% of their total value. As A items are most valuable in the business operation, stricter and tighter inventory control policies are implemented for their maintenance. For one, A items requires the most accurate and detailed records which are done through a more rigid control on transaction documents. Also, daily updating is done to gain a regular accurate insight of their demand and order quantities. I believe that these tighter inventory policies for type A items are logical. Since they constitute the highest dollar value of the total stock of merchandise, they must be treated with utmost care. These items do entail the stricter documentation as loss of only a minute portion will lead to huge losses for the company as their per unit value is relatively high. Also, inventories with higher values are typically marketed at a higher price to customers. Type A are considered high-end products as they typically require a huge amount of purchasing power from the consumer. Since they are sold to the high-end market, a loss of a single sale of the inventory will lead to a significant loss to the company. Closely monitoring the level of these stocks will yield a higher profitability for any business operation. B items, though given a less strict policy than A items, requires normal control which involves accurate records and timely attention. As opposed to A items which require daily updating, order quantity and order points for B items only need to be revised on a quarterly basis. These stocks require only normal processing, yet they are given top priority when critical situations arise. Moderate control policies are implemented in keeping B items as they comprise only an intermediate value of the company’s total inventory. These items do not require

Should English be declared the official language of the United States Research Paper

Should English be declared the official language of the United States - Research Paper Example Even a great majority of the immigrants who have settled in different states learn the language in order to make it principal means of communication. However, despite all these figures, the truth is that English has never been declared as the official language of the U.S. There may be around 30 states out of the 50 that the country is composed of that have given official status to the language but at the federal level, no such legislation has been made. The irony here is that English is declared as an official language in countries where it is not the native tongue or not even used in ordinary conversations. Countries as far-flung as the interior regions of Africa such as Botswana and Swaziland and the small Pacific island-states such as Fiji and Samoa have made the language their own medium for official transactions. This may prove that English is the world’s most spoken language. However, this also highlights the irony in the fact that U.S., whose cultural influence is the m ajor factor for the spread of English as a language, has never made it official. Thesis Statement The reason why English should be declared as the official language though is based not solely on the fact that it is spoken by the most number of people in the country. It is a fact that people, even newly-arrived immigrants are conscious of the necessity to learn the language as soon as possible, knowing that business and government transactions employ it. The more important point is that language is not just a medium of communication; it is also a symbol of nationhood and of unity as a people. A country without a common language that is declared as official would certainly be wanting in terms of identity. Since English is the most commonly spoken by Americans and even by people who wish to become American citizens, it may as well be declared official. Pros and Cons of Making English the Official Language The proposal that English be made as the country’s official language is ac tually not new. In fact, arguments in favor and against this proposal have been around ever since the early days of the republic. Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers, had proposed that the use of other languages should be limited other than English. It was in the latter part of the 1700s that the John Quincy Adams made concrete steps towards legislation in favor of its official status. He actually recommended that the congress create a resolution that would establish an institution that would study and improve the language’s usage in line with its being official. However, this was countered with the argument that making English official is anathema to democracy and to individual liberty, two basic principles enshrined in the Constitution. A century after the Adams’ failed attempt, President Theodore Roosevelt once again pushed for the legislation of English as an official language. Roosevelt whipped patriotic fervor in asserting his point. He said that †Å"we have but one flag† and therefore â€Å"we must also learn one language, and that language is English.† (Hogg and Denison 417) Despite the appeal to patriotism though, Roosevelt also failed to make English as an official language. Legislators and certain sectors, particularly those groups advocating the rights of immigrants, have successfully blocked such attempts for about two centuries already. Their most solid defense is the country’s evidently uncompromising stance as regards individual liberty. According to them, making

Creativity and Group dynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creativity and Group dynamic - Assignment Example When Danny and Rusty set out to find a team for themselves, they were looking for people who were either too smart in what they do, or they thought differently. This team was made up of people who were unique in their own way, yet when they worked together on this plan, they got successful in what no one else could do. Each of the team member was creative is his own way. They all thought of brilliant ideas and carried out the entire plan successfully. They were however different from each other. In one occasion we could see two of the men were acting like gays which annoyed their other team member. There were white men and there were black men, there were Americans and there was even a Chinese, there were 18 year old boys and 50+ year old man as well. What brought success to the team was how they gelled in with each other; how they accepted each other as they are and worked together as a team. What is remarkable about the group dynamics of this team is that how they communicated well with each other and how they knew about the strengths and weaknesses of each other. While working in a team it is very important that you know each other very well; you should know your team member’s strengths and their weaknesses as well. ... Although each member was creative in his own domain, there were obviously some limitations. Some members could not practice their creative ideas because they did not appeal to their other team members. There were also limitations from the environment. While you are working in a group, you have to take decisions that are approved by everyone, especially the leader. You simply cannot practice your creativity without the agreement of you teammates. And this leads to creative thinking in limitations. When creativity is at peak, an individual or group can also innovate new product, service or an idea. In this movie, they innovated new ways of robbery. Although the idea does not bring something new that helps the society, but it did create a new way of completing their mission. Although the movie is about robbery, we could clearly the aspect of creativity and group dynamics in their mission. From the way team was formed, to how Danny led it, to how they carried out all the tasks; it showed a great team where all members had only one focus-to steal the vault’s money. Bibliography Naiman, L. (2010). What is Creativity? Retrieved May 21, 2011, from Creativity at work:

Can Obama make all the change that he promised Essay

Can Obama make all the change that he promised - Essay Example In this essay, I intend to evaluate if he is capable of fulfilling the changes that he has promised during his campaigns and victory. My goal, however, is to prove that he is indeed capable of realizing the changes he has promised the people. In order to make a substantial research piece, I intend to use this source: â€Å"Change we believe in? Using political science to predict policy change in the Obama presidency† by Jonathan Woon. Woon’s â€Å"Change we believe in? Using political science to predict policy change in the Obama presidency† can provide data on his own evaluation of Obama’s presidency. Woon is an Assistant Professor in University of Pittsburgh’s Department of Political Science since 2007. Then prior to that, he was an assistant professor in Carnegie Mellon University’s He has a doctorate degree in Political Economics from Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business, which he earned in 2005. He is an S.B in Political Science with a minor in Economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in June 2000. His affiliations include American Political Science Association, Midwest Political Science Association and Southern Political Science Association. He has various publications, working papers and works that are still in progress. His works were published in various journals and compilation essays – his first publication was â€Å"Testing Theories of Lawmaking† which he wrote with Keith Krehbiel and Adam Meirowitz, this was included in the Social Change and Strategic Decisions: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey S. Banks in 2005, then in 2007 his work entitled â€Å"Direct Democracy and the Selection of Representative Institutions: Voter Support for Appointment Initiatives, 1924-1962 was published in State Politics and Policy Quarterly. He has two publications in the Journal of Politics, both in the year 2008, and they are â€Å"Bill Sponsorship in

Psychology 14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology 14 - Essay Example Kohlbergs moral stages are applicable in different spheres of life. In explaining the situation facing the Christians, the six stages in all the three levels are used. According to Kohlberg (1984), the first level, known as Preconventional or the premoral is concerned with an individuals’ level of responsiveness to both rules their evaluative labels. It views them in terms of either their pleasant or unpleasant consequences of action. Characteristics of the first stage include obedience and punishment orientation, which major concern is on the objectiveness of the responsibility. With reference to this stage, the Christians disobeyed the law and therefore liable for punishment. The second stage, which Kohlberg described as naively egoistic orientation defines the right action as a parson’s means through which they can personally satisfy their needs as well as that of others. With personal satisfaction being essential in this stage, the actions taken by the Christians we re justified. The second level is defined by conventional or role conformity. In this level, it points out that the moral values guide a person in performing the right role in maintaining the conventional order as well as accomplishing the desire of other people but still maintaining his own right. In this level, the third stage defines the good boy or the good girl orientation, geared towards pleasing other people (Nisha, 2006). There was no need to intentions of the Christians in pleasing Nero and this meant that they were not wrong in their actions. Evaluation of the action taken by an individual is in terms of the personal orientations. The fourth stage, authority and social-order-maintaining orientation, means that the orientation of showing any form of respect to the people as a duty and maintain any form of social order did not justify the actions of these Christians in any way, and thus were supposed to be punished. The third level, the postconventional or

Is Psychology a Science Essay Example for Free

Is Psychology a Science Essay Psychology is commonly defined as scientific study of human behaviour and cognitive processes. Broadly speaking the discussion focuses on the different branches of psychology, and if they are indeed scientific. However, it is integral in this to debate to understand exactly the major features of a science, in order to judge if psychology is in fact one. There must be a definable subject matter this changed from conscious human thought to human and non-human behaviour, then to cognitive processes within psychologys first eighty years as a separate discipline. Also, a theory construction is important. This represents an attempt to explain observed phenomena, such as Watsons attempt to account for human and non-human behaviour in terms of classical conditioning, and Skinners subsequent attempt to do the same with operant conditioning. Any science must have hypotheses, and indeed test them. This involves making specific predictions about behaviour under certain specified conditions, for example, predicting that by combining the sight of a rat with the sound of an iron bar banging behind his head, a small child will learn to fear the rat, as is the case of Little Albert (1923). Also, empirical methods are used in scientific fields to collect data, relevant to the hypothesis being tested, as is the case in many psychological experiments, such as the use of brain scanning in Dement and Kleitmans 1957 study. Science is meant to be objective and unbiased. It should be free of values and discover the truths about what it is studying. Positivism is the view that science is objective and a study of what is real. For example, schizophrenia, when diagnosed as being caused due to excess dopamine, is being studied in a scientific manner. The explanation does not take into account any cultural customs or individual differences that might lead to schizophrenic behaviour. However, even in scientific research like this the person is doing the diagnosing has his or her own views, and may misinterpret behaviour because of his or her own subjective biases. For example, if someone talks about hearing voices, they may be referring to a spiritual experience, but a medical practitioner might well diagnose schizophrenia. So objective, value-free study is not easy, because the scientist has views and biases, and cultural or other issues are perhaps important factors. Some say that a truly objective study is not possible. In conclusion, its a science.

Exploitation of Workers in Developing Countries

Exploitation of Workers in Developing Countries Since the time, plans were being made to implement free trade we were guaranteed it would be a win/win situation.This was one of the very important step for the pioneering of Globalization. First world consumers, manufacturers,industrialists, farmers, laborers everyone would benefit. Not only the first world countries, the whole world would benefit. It would pull the developing world up because there would be plenty of good, well-paid jobs that would be created . When borders opened to the free flow of goods and services, consumers would have more variety, and at cheper prices. Even agricultural goods could move around the world to new markets, sluggish farm prices would also rise. The farmers in developing countries would now have new markets for their goods, and they would bow out of piteous poverty.It seems like the perfect idea and sounds great too, doesnt it? But like most things that sounded too good to be true, it quiet was. The American/British/European workers who had jobs that paid pretty well in the scheme of things found that their employers could clear up the factories and move to a country where the workers werent so well paid. A country where there are no tariffs, so goods could be shipped back into the First world countries and sold, often cheaper than when they were made in the rich countries. Not only was labor cheaper, but environmental laws were generally more lenient in, say, Mexico, India or China. The companies could use child labor too and there were no laws forcing a 40-hour workweek.Drive your workers to the point of exhaustion and pay them as little as possible. If they complain, replace them-This is the formula adopted by all the third world factory bosses for success. All the consumers care for is low prices from their favorite clothing stores and supermarkets. So is this what Globalization called for ? To exploit the labour in third would countries all for the benefit of the rich countries like America , Europe,etc.Consumers in th e first world countries found goods were economical when they were made overseas. The foreign workers did not have the high-paying jobs as promised. They had poverty-wage jobs and the sweatshop was back. They were under paid and working in poor conditions with masses of eager workers waiting in line for them to quit. My argument in the essay is How Globalization has resulted in Labour Exploitation and Child Labour in many third world countries. An International Confederation of Free Trade Unions report said, MULTINATIONAL corporations remained the main beneficiaries of globalisation as more than 1,3-billion people around the world lived on less than $1 a day.(Globalisation: the plight of billions stressed ,By Reneà © Grawitzky, Business Day, 30 March 2000) The widening inequalities should be addressed as part of a broader strategy by unions in dealing with the effects of globalisation. What does globalization mean to working people? Ask a member of UNITE and shell talk about the thousands of good paying jobs that were taken overseas. Talk to the young woman in Bangladesh who gets 20 cents for making a shirt that sells for $30 at The Gap. Ask the 14- to 16-year-old women in Central America who are forced to swallow birth control pills in front of their bosses so the company can keep them on the job, since it doesnt pay for health care. Ask the laid-off steelworker about the foreign imports, made by U.S. corporations abroad and exported to the U.S. because they make more profits. Or ask Iqbal Masih, the 12-year-old rug maker from Pakistan who was enslaved from age 4 and forced to learn a trade. (What globalization means to working people, John Gallo, Peoples Weekly World, 20 April 2002) .What is the reason for all this wretchedness ? Everywhere, the lives of working people are degenerating. If theyre not working from dawn to dusk,Slogging all day, for not enough to live on, they are made dispossessed and being bombed. Is it due to globalization, or greed, or laziness? Or is there something more fundamental, something less obvious, behind the worlds current problems.(What globalization means to working people, John Gallo, Peoples Weekly World, 20 April 2002). In the name of competition, employers try to produce cheaply in bulk and sell larger volumes. One way to put together cheaper labour and still make greater profits is by keeping salaries as low as possible -by any means necessary. Since all wealth is produced by human labor, the fruits of that labor, or value, go either to the workers or the owners. The less workers get, the more the owners get. That accounts for the long, brutal history workers have faced when trying to form unions or improve their livelihood. (What globalization means to working people, John Gallo, Peoples Weekly World, 20 April 2002) The third world Countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Brazil have become more capitalized. The small farmers in these countries now work in factories and mills. They have become workers and in a number of ways find themselves similar to U.S. workers 70 years ago. As poor as they had been, these new workers now have less. They are concerned in trying to form unions to fight to improve their wages and working conditions.They are no more cut off in their country and continue to making ties of solidarity with their fellowmen all over the world. They are the workers who will change the face and the power of the working p eople in the world. Globalization has impulsed a number of interrelated concerns with respect to its social repercussions. The impact on labour employment, income distribution and labour standards are some of the issues included. Global competition has led to job losses or flexible job arrangements in many countries. Compared to the regular jobs these are often less secure and provide fewer social benefits. Economies all across the globe are more volatile now because of short term capital movements. This has resulted in severe economic and financial crises that further leads to unemployment and poverty. All these have created a sense of diffidence among workers and created resistance to globalization from various quarters. A well designed system for social protection is critical for long term growth prospects in open economies. The extent of social protection remains low in Asia, Africa and Latin America. In terms of social protection, there are increasingly unpredictable and fragmented employment relat ionships that lead to more and more workers not being covered by cash sickness benefits. There has been establishment of global labour standards by organizations like International Labour Organization (ILO) which work to promote rights at work, enhance social protection and encourage decent employment opportunities. But can these regulations actually improve lives of workers in LDCs? Will the anti sweatshop campaigns raise labour standards ? Will WTOs imposing trade sanctions on countries that violate standards actually help ? With economic globalization accelerating in the past few decades these questions have just got more complex and controversial. Trade and investments may not be the best way to pull up and help workers in poor countries. Labour standards and free trade are interdependent rather than competing ways to improve welfare. Unions based in first world countries play a eminent role in the dispute over globalization and labour standards whereas workers in LDCs are rarely heard from. The cause for this gap is that these poor countries, mainly those with non d emocratic governments, do not provide the necessary freedom of association or the legal protections for collective bargaining. If the workers from poor countries had been given little opportunities to protect their own interests and voice their concerns, there would be less need for activists from advanced countries to intercede on their behalf. International labour mobility has also increased due to globalization and the growing economic interdependence of states. This has also resulted in the deregulation and exploitation of labour migration. Even the migrant workmen are devoid of legal protection in the foreign countries. Even though many states have put down strict barriers on the legal entry of labour migrants, there are still a large number of irregular and illegal migrants working in low paid sectors lacking the benefits of a national worker. Most of todays migration presents characteristics that converge with concerns for labor migration policy. In short, most permanent immigrants and refugees as well as migrant workers seek remunerative activity, participate in the labor force, and face discrimination and xenophobia directed at foreigners in host countries. (Globalization, Labor and Migration :Protection is paramount, Patrick Taran Eduardo Geronimi , 22 november 2002) The LDCs face serious social and economic dislo cation associated with persistent poverty, growing unemployment, loss of traditional trading patterns, and what has been termed a growing crisis of economic security. (Globalization,Labor and Migration :Protection is paramount, Patrick Taran Eduardo Geronimi , 22 november 2002) The concerns will only increase because since 1975 the figures have only been doubling, from a 75 million in 1975 to 150 million in 2000, these figures represent the migrants living outside their home countries. The other issue in this article that needs to be focussed on is Child labour in light of Globalization. Apart from labour exploitation, Child labour is a serious concern for the consequence of Globalization. It is a grave and extensive problem in LDCs today. It was revealed in a very recent International Labour Organization (ILO) report (ILO, 2006) that approximately 166 million children in the age group of 5 14 years were classified as child laborers in 2004. That accounts for 14% of all children in that age group. These children are engaged in precarious work which adversely affects their growth, moral development and health. They are concentrated mainly in the developing countries. More than half of these children were from the Asian pacific region . The others being from Latin America and Sub saharan Africa.They work in the carpet marking factories, pornography, glass blowing, fireworks, prostitution,etc. Child labour came under the limelight in the 1990s when the campaigns were started by industrialized worlds on why such large number of children were working when they should be gaining knowledge. In November of 2000, ten children earning around $11 per month burned to death in a garment factory in Bangladesh. The exits from the factory were chained shut. Images of children chained into factories, sold as slaves, or forced into prostitution stain the popular imagination about child labor. Fortunately, while many children work in the developing world, relatively few experience such atrocities.(Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor, Eric V. Edmonds,n.d) Of course the world organizations like UNICEF, ILO and governments initiated policies to check child labour globally. But did it help enough is the big question ? Globalization increases employment opportunities specially in developing countries due to the rapid increase in foreign investment. This therefore surges the demand for local labour and higher wages. These changes in the developing economies springing from globalization could further lead to child labour due to earning opportunities. To illustrate how trade policy and globalization can have an affect on child labour, I would like to take Vietnam as an example on how its increase in the price of rice led to a decline in child labour. Vietnam restricted its exports of rice starting in 1989. These quotas suppressed the domestic price of rice. Between 1993 and 1997, Vietnam gradually relaxed this export quota so that by 1998, Vietnam was completely exposed to the international price of rice. During this period of liberalization, the price of rice increased by 30% relative to the rise in the consumer price index. Rice is an important commodity in Vietnam. It is the primary staple in the V ietnamese diet, the largest single component of household expenditure, and 70% of households produce rice. Moreover, in 1993, before the liberalization of rice prices in Vietnam, 26% of children between 6 and 15 worked in rice production in Vietnam, and rice production was far and away the largest employer of adults. Thus, rice price increases should affect both children and adults.The study finds that rice price increases can account for 45% of the overall decline in child labor that Vietnam experienced in the 1990s. This corresponds to approximately 1 million fewer working children in Vietnam. (Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor, Eric V. Edmonds ,n.d) In India child labour has become an accepted practice. It is believed to be a necessity to overcome poverty. The carpet industry, for example pays these children extremely low wages since adults refuse to do these jobs. Even MNCs exploit child labour in poor countries. Nike is accused of using child labour in countries like pakistan, india, bangladesh, china, etc. These children were all in the age group of 4-5 years. More than 200 children were involved in each production processes. The Nike soccer balls in Pakistan are accused to be stained with the harsh truth of child labour. More than half of the soccer ball production is done in Pakistan and every step of its production has child labour involved. So is a reputed company like Nike helping or exploiting these developing countries? In china, the members of a chinese minority group mainly young girls aged 15-18 were employed in the Longfa Shoe factory in the Guangdong province. Longfa Shoe factory supplies Nike , Inc. These compani es get down to the extent of illegally swapping IDs, making fake birth certificates, illegal migration, etc. Even the chocolate industry is accused of using child labour. In Cà ´te dIvoire,West Africa thousands of children are forced to labour in the production of cocoa. Even the well established companies like Puma, Wal-Mart, Hanes are believed to use child labour. Allegations were made against Harvest Rich factory in Bangladesh, which is a contract supplier to these US and European companies. Young children were found sewing clothes for these companies. There were at least 200 children involved, some as young as 11 years. These children work upto almost 12 hours a day. They were reported to be beaten, slapped and forced to work for 19-20 hours sometimes. They get horribly low wages which could be as low as 6.5 cents per hour. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is operating the worlds largest rubber plantation in Harbel, Liberia for the last 80 years. They exploit labour and al so use child labour. The rubber tappers are forced to bring their wives and children, they use toxic pesticides without protection. The children are forced to carry about 70-80 pound buckets of rubber on their shoulders for miles. These laborers live in shacks which exist since 1920s. All these cases, which are just a few to illustrate, include big companies from the developed countries who use child labour only to their benefits. Is this what globalization has called for?